DR Congo Ebola outbreak declared public health emergency

This article was taken from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-49025298

By BBC Health News

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Ebola crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) a public health emergency of international concern.

But it stressed borders should not be closed, adding that the risk of the disease spreading outside the region was not high.

The outbreak in the DRC has killed more than 1,600 people.

This week, the first case was detected in Goma, home to more than a million.

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a news conference in Geneva that he had accepted the recommendations of a committee of experts which stressed there should be no restrictions on travel or trade, and no entry screening of passengers at ports or airports outside the immediate region.

The most recent serious Ebola outbreak before this one, in West Africa, killed more than 11,000 people.

How bad is the situation in DRC?

The outbreak, the second largest in history, started in August 2018 and is affecting two provinces in DRC – North Kivu and Ituri.

More than 2,500 people have been infected and two-thirds of them have died.

It took 224 days for the number of cases to reach 1,000, but just a further 71 days to reach 2,000.

About 12 new cases are being reported every day.

Isn’t there a vaccine?

Yes.

It is 99% effective and more than 161,000 people have been given it.

However, everybody is not vaccinated – only those who come into direct contact with an Ebola patient, and people who come into contact with them.

The vaccine was developed during the epidemic in West Africa and has been available throughout the latest outbreak.

Why hasn’t the outbreak been brought under control?

Tackling the disease has been complicated by conflict in the region.

Since January, there have been 198 attacks against healthcare workers or Ebola treatment facilities leading to seven deaths and 58 injuries.

Another major problem has been distrust of healthcare workers leading to about a third of deaths being in the community rather than at a specialist Ebola treatment centre.

It means those people are not seeking treatment and risk spreading the disease to neighbours and relatives.

There has also been difficulty tracking the spread of the virus.

A significant number of cases are coming as a surprise as those affected have not come into contact with known Ebola cases.

“We are one year into the outbreak and the situation is not getting any better,” said Trish Newport, from the charity MSF.

“It’s a complex environment with a long history of violence, of conflict, so there’s a lot of mistrust of foreigners from outside the area.

“We have to build ties and connections with the community so they trust us.”

Could the disease spread further?

The WHO says the risk to neighbouring countries is “very high”.

Uganda has already had some isolated cases including two people – a five-year-old boy and his 50-year-old grandmother – who died from the disease. Rwanda is also at risk.

This week a priest died from Ebola in the city of Goma, which is home to more than a million people. The city is a major transport hub and sits on the DR Congo-Rwanda border.

The WHO said cases there were a “game-changer”, however, there have been no reported cases of the disease spreading in Goma.

Is the world doing enough to help?

The WHO has been clear for months that it has insufficient money to tackle the problem.

It had estimated that it needed $98m to tackle the outbreak between February and July. Yet it faced a shortfall of $54m.

What is Ebola?

• Ebola is a virus that initially causes sudden fever, intense weakness, muscle pain and a sore throat
• It progresses to vomiting, diarrhoea and both internal and external bleeding
• People are infected when they have direct contact through broken skin, or the mouth and nose, with the blood, vomit, faeces or bodily fluids of someone with Ebola
• Patients tend to die from dehydration and multiple organ failure